Probably threefold repetition is more likely to cause the majority of draws rather than stalemate, but I agree with the point about stalemate. Probably one player is winning on material if that happens.
Re the threefold repetition, Xiangqi has something like
In xiangqi, a player—often with a material or positional disadvantage—may attempt to check or chase pieces in a way such that the moves fall in a cycle, preventing the opponent from winning. While this is accepted in Western chess, in xiangqi, the following special rules are used to make it harder to draw the game by endless checking or chasing, regardless of whether the positions of the pieces are repeated or not:
- Perpetual checks with one piece or several pieces are not allowed; doing so results in a loss.
- Perpetual chases of any one unprotected piece with one or more pieces, excluding generals and soldiers, are similarly prohibited.[2]
- If one side perpetually checks and the other side perpetually chases, the checking side has to stop or be ruled to have lost.
- When neither side violates the rules and both persist in not making an alternate move, the game can be ruled as a draw.
- When both sides violate the same rule at the same time (note that unlike in western chess, a mutual perpetual check is possible) and both persist in not making an alternate move, the game can be ruled as a draw.
going off of Wikipedia. I’m not sure how it works in practice, but it’s kind of like a “come on, play on or resign, stop trying to draw out the game”.
Shogi has some kind of hybrid I think
If the same game position occurs four times with the same player to move and the same pieces in hand for each player, then the game ends in a repetition draw (千日手 sennichite, lit. “moves for a thousand days”), as long as the positions are not due to perpetual check. Perpetual check (連続王手の千日手) is an illegal move (see above), which ends the game in a loss in tournament play.
(from wikipedia), but again not exactly sure in practice. I say hybrid because it seems to distinguish between repetitions from perpetual check, and repetitions which would make your position worse if you broke them.
In western chess, perpetual check is kind of like an out in a losing position, you have to watch out for or exploit perpetual check in a losing position. But say when there’s a pawn formation and the kings are blocked from entering the opponents side by each other, that might be a legitimate draw still maybe? Trying to find the analogy if you ported the rules from other chess games