KataGo gives estimates of komi value for different stone handicaps. See Handicap Games - #8 by gennan (those estimates were made about 18 months ago, newer KataGo versions may give slightly different results). So stone handicap and komi handicap are more or less interchangeable for AI (although individual players may differ in their ability to make good use of handicap in the form of stones vs handicap in the form of komi).
So to quite a good approximation, handicap stones are worth ~13 points according to KataGo (except for the first one, which is worth ~6.5 points in traditional handicap). That is with Japanese rules.
Under Chinese rules a handicap stone may be worth ~14 points (except fot the first one, which is worth ~7 points), but I didn’t test this with KataGo.
This equivalence between score, komi and handicap means that (to a good approximation) komi and handicap readily fit into the minimax score annotation of each board position in the game tree, avoiding the need for extra dimensions in the landscape. 3 Dimensions are probably enough for the annotated game tree landscape: 2 horizontal dimensions to spatially separate positions from each other and 1 dimension (elevation) for the minimax score of each position (which would include komi and handicap).
You could even collapse the 2 horizontal dimensions to 1 horizontal dimension by using some hash coding scheme (which is how transposition tables in chess engines work).
With this equivalence between komi and handicap, you could make handicaps much more fine-grained with increments as small as 0.5 points, instead of (or in addition to) the large 13-14 point increments of full handicap stones.
Especially at the highest levels of play, you probably need to use high resolution handicaps to accurately measure rank gaps between players (by determining the handicap required to achieve ~50% win rate over a long series of games). This komi method would give a resolution of 3.6%-3.8% (1/26-1/28) of a rank for (komi) handicap increments of 0.5 points.
You could even achieve an arbitrarily high resolution by determining the fraction of games of adjacent (komi) handicaps needed to achieve 50.000…% win rate over a long series of games.