It’s remarkably similar to reading text. If you’ve just started, all you see is strange configurations that look essentially random.
After you’ve learned the alphabet, you can identify individual letters.
After having learned vocabulary, you will recognize these words in a text.
After having learned synonyms and homophones, you will be able to understand some puns.
… 
Go requires Go vision. Go vision is what I’d call the grammar of Go; recognizing the underlying structure. Which stones form groups, which spots are ‘vital’ or at least interesting?
Train yourself to hallucinate stones in sequence. That’s what reading is. In order to know what to read, you need shape intuition, which you get from observing and replaying games played by people who are WAY stronger than you, preferably professionals (or superhuman bots).