Eventually yes, but if both players make an effort, it can take many, many moves before a cycle is unavoidable.
@john.tromp gave an upper bound of 4110473354993164457447863592014545992782310277120 moves for the longest possible game on 19x19 with positional superko (the most strict version of superko).
Also see https://tromp.github.io/go/gostate.pdf
Edit: Note that you’d need to have a phenominally huge memory to correctly detect all superko violations in such pathological games. The number of atoms in the visible universe is probably way too small for that. Besides that, the universe will probably have reached heat death (possibly rendering the passage of time meaningless) long before such pathological games would hit a position where all moves by both players are banned by the superko rule, forcing the game to stop and get scored.