The two American wars that seem to be the least known by the public, as well as by me, are the French and Indian War (the North American component of the Seven Years War) and the War of 1812. I have somewhat remediated my ignorance of the latter in recent years by reading some general histories, specific studies, and the book on the Napoleonic connection, which I discussed in this thread. The best of these was 1812: The War that Forged a Nation by Walter N. Borneman. Now I am reading Borneman’s other excellent general history: The French and Indian War: Deciding the Fate of North America (HarperCollins, 2006).
In elementary school, we learned about George Washington’s failed diplomatic mission to the French (1754) and surrender of Fort Necessity (1754), as well as about his involvement (as aide de camp) in General Braddock’s march on the French (1755). I have run or driven past the Braddock Cannon monument many hundreds of times since I was a child, and still pass it whenever I visit my favorite used book store (https://www.franconiahistory.com/historic-sites/braddock-cannon).
I have also visited Fort Ticonderoga, which played an important role in the war, and knew about Rogers’ Rangers (sometimes compared to the Green Berets), because of the historical adventure movie, Northwest Passage (1940). And I read The Last of the Mohicans when I was about 10. That book and its two excellent movie adaptations (1936 and 1992) are loosely based on the Fort William Henry Massacre. That was the sum total of my knowledge about this war until now.
First surprise has been learning about the 1754 Albany Congress in New York. Representatives from seven colonies and from the Six Nations (formerly the Iroquois Confederation) met to improve relations and (from the colonial perspective) to try to gain allies against the French Canadians. Its real significance, however, lies in a plan of union for the colonies drawn up by Benjamin Franklin (in order to have a united front against the French and Indians, not as a form of rebellion). Although it was rejected, the plan remarkably foreshadowed many of the elements of the U.S. Constitution.
It has also been very gratifying to learn that the story of The Last of the Mohicans has a substantial historical basis for the events. Although the main characters and personal drama are invented, the details about the siege of Fort William Henry, the disparity of force, the French capture of General Webb’s letter denying succor to Colonel Munro (which the French did share), and the generous and stately surrender are all true. The massacre, with 700 casualties, is controversial. The movie shows it as a wink and a nod from the French to the Indians, but the evidence suggests that the French had no authority and little control over their allies, who were intent on revenge and plunder.
Ironically, the victory at Fort William Henry was hollow. The subsequent massacre inspired a large increase in militias who flocked to nearby Fort Edward, thwarting the French General Montcalm’s plan to attack the fort.
Like 1812, this book is full-bodied, but easy to read.