Thank you, @bugcat, but I was busy this forenoon (if that’s a word. In German we have Vormittag, which is the period between second breakfast and noon, and we use it almost more frequently than Morgen. At least students do…) eating raisin scones with tangerine marmalade and tea. I’m really not kidding, we’ve got a wonderful recipe for scones.
Anyway, I was talking about pronouns a few days earlier, so here we go. Please excuse formatting, I dinnae how to do vsotvep’s fancy tables, which I really like, by the way.
The Personal Pronoun
Case\Person : first singular “I” : second singular “thou” : first plural “we” : second plural “ye” : third person reflexive.
ego : tu : nos : vos : —
mei “of me” : tui : nostri, nostrum : vestri, vestrum : sui “of oneself”
mihi : tibi : nobis : vobis : sibi
me : te : nos : vos : se
me : te : nobis : vobis : se
I see you: ego te video
I see myself: ego video me ipsum
they see each other: ii videunt se ipsos
thou thinkest of me: tu meministi mei
I think of you: ego memini tui
(these to illustrate the use of the genitive.)
The Personal Pronoun of the Third Person (occasionally used as demonstrative)
Case\Gender: he : she : it
is : ea : id
eius : eius : eius
ei : ei : ei
eum : eam : id
eo : ea : eo
Plural:
ii (ei, i) : eae : ea
eorum : earum : eorum
eis (iis, is) : eis (iis, is) : eis (iis, is)
eos : eas : ea
eis (iis, is) like above.
He sees me: is me vidit
I see him: eum video
in this way: eo modo (ablative)
because of this: ea causa (ablative)
that means: id est (abbr. i.e.)
He killed his (own) father: occisit patrem suum
He killed his (an other person’s) father: occisit patrem eius (lit. ‘the father of.his’)
The Possessive Pronoun is an ordinary adjective of three endings:
meus, mea, meum: my
tuus, tua, tuum: thy
suus, sua, suum: belonging to the clause’s subject, even in plural
noster, nostra, nostrum: our
vester, vestra, vestrum: your.
for third persons that are not the clause’s subject, the genitive of the pronoun eorum, earum, eorum is used.
The brothers killed their father: fratres occiserunt patrem suum.
but: The brothers killed [other people’s] father: fratres occiserunt patrem eorum
The Demonstrative Pronoun of close Proximity (this here); can be used as adjective:
hic : haec : hoc
huius
huic
hunc : hanc : hoc
hoc : hac : hoc (all with long vowels)
hi : hae : haec
horum : harum : horum
his
hos : has : hae
his
By these words: his verbis
after these things were done: his rebus factis
this is my body: hoc est corpus meum (corpus corporis, 3.declension. Root to hocuspocus)
Not to be confused with hic ‘here’ (but related to it)
The Demonstrative Pronoun of stuff that is close to the listener. Slightly pejorative ('That guy'). In the courtroom, it refers to the accused.
iste : ista : istud
istius
isti
istum : istam : istud
isto : ista : isto
Isti : istae : ista
istorum : istarum : istorum
istis
istos : istas : ista
istis
Related to that is istic ‘there (with you)’
The Demonstrative Pronoun of Distance
ille : illa : illud
illius
illi
illum : illam : illud
illo : illa : illo
Illi : illae : illa
illorum : illarum : illorum
illis
illos : illas : illos
illis
Also illic ‘there’.
A Pronoun of reflexivity.
ipse : ipsa : ipsum
ipsius
ipsi
ipsum : ipsam : ipsum
ipso : ipsa : ipso
ipsi : ipsae : ipsa
ipsorum : ipsarum : ipsorum
ipsis
ipsos : ipsas : ipsa
ipsis
HM the Queen herself: regina ipsa.
He didn’t kill himself: non se ipsum occisit
By the fact itself: ipso facto