I was thinking today: "what are the oldest words for which we have recorded history?"
I’ve decided on a cut-off point of 1000 BCE.
Akkadian 𒁲 𒊑 => 𒅆𒂍𒉪 => ziggurat
Akkadian 𒂵𒈬𒉡 =~> Ancient Greek κύμινον => Latin cuminum => Old English cymen => Middle English comin => cumin
Aramaic נצב to מצב to מצטבתא => Arabic مِصْطَبَة => mastaba
Aramaic שולטנא => Arabic سُلْطَان => Turkish سلطان => French sultan => sultan
Egyptian bḫn => Ancient Greek βάσανος => Latin basanites => Latin Latin basaltes => basalt
Egyptian hbnj => Ancient Greek ἔβενος => Latin hebenus => Ecclesiastical Latin ebenius => Middle English hebenyf => ebony
Egyptian ꜣbw =?> Ancient Greek ἐλέφᾱς => Latin elephantus => Old French elefant => elephant
Egyptian ꜣbw => Demotic yb => Latin ebur => eboreus => Anglo-Norman ivurie => Middle English ivorie => ivory
Egyptian wḥꜣt => Demotic wḥj => Ancient Greek Ὄᾰσῐς => Latin Latin Oasis => oasis
Egyptian pr ꜥꜣ => Hebrew פַּרְעֹה => Ancient Greek Φαραώ => Late Latin Pharao => Old / Middle English pharao => pharoah
Hebrew פלשת to פלשתים to Ancient Greek Φυλιστῖνοι => Late Latin Philistinus => philistine
Hebrew סְדֹם => Ancient Greek σοδομίτης => Latin sodomita => sodomite
Hebrew אשקלון => Latin ascalonia => Medieval Latin escalonia => Middle French eschalote => French échalote => shallot
Phoenician 𐤀 => Ancient Greek ἄλφα => alpha
Phoenician 𐤂𐤁 to 𐤂𐤁𐤋 => Ancient Greek Βῠ́βλος => βύβλος => βυβλίον => βῐβλῐ́ον => βιβλιογράφος => _ βιβλιογραφία_ => bibliography
Sanskrit उपरि => उपल => Byzantine Greek ὀπάλλιος => Latin opalus => French opale => opal
Sanskrit रोटिका => Hindi रोटी => roti
Sanskrit लाक्षा => Hindi लाख => Persian لاک => Portuguese laca => French lacque => lacquer
Sanskrit पिप्पली => Persian پلپل possibly to Arabic فلفل to فَلَافِل => falafel
Sanskrit शृङ्गवेर => Sauraseni Prakrit सिङ्गबेर => Ancient Greek ζιγγίβερις => Latin zingiberi => Medieval Latin gingiber => Middle English gingifer => gingivere => gingere => Modern English ginger
Sanskrit पर्पट => Tamil பப்படம் => papadam
Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 => Akkadian 𒄀 => Ancient Greek κάννα => Latin canna => canalis => Old / Middle French canal => canal