Note: I wasn’t sure whether the carrots (being bought) or the market (in which they’re being bought) should come first. I figured it would probably be fine; after all, in English all the following are valid, admittedly at increasing levels of weirdness:
I bought some carrots in the market. In the market I bought some carrots. I bought, in the market, some carrots. I, in the market, bought some carrots.
Coincidentally, my Japanese teacher taught us just last week that there is no distinction in Japanese between rat and mouse, nor between alligator and crocodile or clock and watch. It seems she’s faced some disbelief /negative reaction about this from past students!
One thing I find very interesting about languages is the things that are distinguished in one but not another. It’s these cultural insights that intrigue me about languages.
Sorry that I can’t keep up with this thread daily!
Non scio certissime, sed “granum” mihi bene videtur. Grana sunt multa singula grana, granum est multitudo totium granorum.
Editio: Debes et scribere aut ‘milites sunt in taberna’ aut ‘miles est in taberna’. In tua Epula scribis ‘vinum hispania’ et similiter; hoc mihi videtur (seems) falsum. Hic (here) oportet (one ought) dicere aut ‘vinum hispaniae’ cum genitivo, aut ‘vinum ex hispania’ cum praepositione.
Editio secunda: bonum ist et adiectivum ‘vinum hispanicum’.
I’m not quite sure what you’re saying about the grain since I can’t find totium in the dictionary, but I can see that you advised granum.
I haven’t yet relearnt the difference between est and sunt. That’ll be top priority. If you’re saying that sentences of A is in B should be A est in B rather than est A in B then I’ve got to edit more of my Anki sentences
Hispania I messed up, I meant to put it in the dative. Thanks for specifying that ex is necessary there, presumably with the dative. Thanks for showing me the other phrasings as well.
(Apologies for not replying in Latin, but I’m not at that level yet hehe)
I’m going to correct my banquet mistakes in bold .
Whether you say ‘A est in B’ (it’s an A that’s it’s in B) or ‘Est A in B’ (there’s an A in B) or ‘A in B est’ (A is in B) doesn’t really matter. The verb has a tendency to take the final position, but ‘weak’ words have the tendency to be second place. The first and last position of a sentence contain what’s important to the speaker.
Est/sunt is of course singular/plural. Ex takes always the ablative! The dative is a rather rare case, actually, and right now I’m not sure if there are any prepositions with dative. Ablative is very common, it’s the case of the adverbial modification. It’s three basic meanings are Sociative, Instrumental, and Origin.
Prepositions of direction take accusative, prepositions of jocation and origin take ablative. In horto - in the garden. in hortum - into the garden, ex horto - from the garden.
The Simple Sentence is We are sailing to the city.
Language
Sentence
Latin
Nōs in urbem nāvigant. Correction on multiple points: In oppidum nāvigāmus.
Japanese
私たちは港市に向かっています。(watashitachi wa kooshi ni mukattaimasu.) [see more]
German
Wir segeln zu der Stadt.
French
Nous naviguons à la ville.
The Complex Sentence is In the city, many dangers await the unwary; and the honest man must always be alert.
The Vocabulary Workout is to translate these five nouns about cities: house, shop, tavern, street, bridge; these five verbs: buy, sell, drink (alcohol), gamble, beg; and these five adjectives: noisy, foul-smelling, crowded, wealthy, drunk
Do you mind me correcting you when you post these things every day? I’m really really impressed that you decided to learn latin and stick to that, and you’re expanding your vocabulary really quickly. κῦδος. I can also write private messages if you prefer, or I’ll leave you alone, if you wish.
No, I love it and I’m grateful :3 Also, there’s a difference between being able to look up a word like opulenta in a dictionary and being able to remember and decline it at will I can’t fully inflect even a single word by memory yet.
Alright! With Nos in urbem navigant, you got the verb wrong. I’ll let you figure out why. Also, you only use personal pronouns to put emphasis on it. WE went to town, while the others stayed on the country. Btw, there’s urbs, and there’s oppidum. Urbs is a major city, or just Rome. Oppidum is any fortified settlement. Archaeologists speak of oppida when they find Celtic settlements in Europe. Beginner’s books usually teach oppidum first because it’s o-Declension, but urbs is of course what Romans would use when talking about the only city worth talking about.
Translate into English:
Marcus in foro stat. Corneliam adspectat. Sed ea cessat. Ecce, Titum videt. Clamat: ‘Heu, Tite! Ubi est Cornelia?’ Titus respondet: ‘Cornelia domi est, aegrotat. Me tibi misit, ut referam eam aegrotare.’ ‘Gratiam ago, Tite,’ dicit Marcus, ‘Age, eamus in Colosseum. Cum Cornelia irem in thermas, sed tecum eo libenter ad circenses.’
I won’t do the strokes on the vowels, as they won’t be there when you read a real text. In this paragraph here, you will also find two subjunctive form of “to go” (present and imperfect) and one of “to report”. There’s one perfect form of “to send”, and a locative form.
Edit: Actually, nos in urbem navigant is a valid sentence, but it means something different.
Gotcha about the pronouns, I do recall reading that before. It’s the same in Japanese iirc.
I see that I clumsily conjugated nāvigō wrong. Nāvigant is the present-tense active indicative third person plural. I needed the first person plural nāvigāmus. This was force of habit since all my verb sentences in Anki so far are in the third person. My actual choice of verb isn’t wrong as well, I hope.
So, I guess my sentence should have read simply Oppidum nāvigāmus. I assume that Nōs in urbem nāvigant means “They are sailing us to Rome”, lol.
(You’ve gotta give me a bit of time for that exercise :P)
In urbem/oppidum navigamus would be quite correct, yes. You’re also right about “They are sailing us to Rome/the city”. I wouldn’t worry too much about the opposition of oppidum vs. urbs. Urbscan mean Rome, like when Cicero says “I was out ouf town for the past six months”, but it can also be any other important city, such as Alexandria, or Carthago. While oppidum gives a statement about a town’s structures (i.e., it’s got walls. “There are 28 oppida within the area of the Helvetii and 64 vici (villages)”), urbs gives a statement about its importance (i.e. it’s a capital or metropolis; which implies that the speaker knows the settlement in question). Other settlements are municipium, colonia, civitas, depending on the legal status of their inhabitants within the Roman state and what kind of buildings one might expect there. A civitas is likely to have a bishop in christian times, for example. The whole thing is a bit like the english city/town-distinction wich is very unintuitive to non-anglos.
The pure accusative without preposition do indicate direction is either poetic or restricted to the proper names of cities and the words domus, rus (countryside), and maybe urbs You will find that in your grammar. Oppidum navigamus sound like you are sailors and your cargo is literally the city fortifications and buildings.
Here’s an online grammar that should work quite well for you. Look up the Accusative in the section Syntax.
Marcus in standing in the market. He is looking for Cornelia. But she has been delayed. Look, he sees Titus. He calls out “Oh, Titus! Where is Cornelia?”
Titus responds “Cornelia is at home sick. I pass you this message, so that I can respond to her whilst she is unwell.”
“Thank you, Titus,” says Marcus. “Let’s go to the Colosseum. Cornelia should have been taking hot baths, but I will gladly go to the games with you.”
Well, I got a story that made sense to me at least.