Beginner question: Is there a name for a move that would be suicidal except it captures opponents pieces? Ko and the second half of a snapback would be examples. Here’s another example:
I usually call it something like “capturing without having liberties”.
‘Throw In’
Usually throw in is absolutely not what OP is asking (so that would be confusing)
A throw in is a tactical move, a sacrifice to lower the liberties of your opponent, or to deny the creation of an eye.
OP: There is no name, it’s simply a part of the rule of go (you can play somewhere with no liberty if you capture and indeed create liberty (ies) for yourself.
I defer to your wisdom.
I figured that was the case since I couldn’t find anything about it. I feel like it would be helpful to have a term for it in certain cases, perhaps “Faux-Suicide” or “Suicide-Capture”.
I agree with you this is not always something obvious at first
The fact is it’s a so common position happening many times that players didn’t give a name to it
It’s interesting that we have a name for the position where a group has only 1 liberty (Atari) but no name for the position where you can take the last and capture even if you have no liberty.
Historical cultural choice hard to explain, with maybe some psychological aspect?
In modern Chinese Go teaching, we would call it 同時氣盡 (simultaneously out of liberties) very similar to what @gennan said “capturing without having liberties”. And added the phrase after it - 先下手為強, the one who plays it first (the current player) wins. And this is usually taught after the forbidden suicide points/rule (禁著點).
As to why use such “inconvenient” term, instead of a simpler term as @Groin asked, it is a very interesting historical question. I’d show an example from a book called 適情錄 (compiled in the early 16th century), showing examples from the 10th-century texts 圍棋義例/釋例 (which later on in other Go books, usually simplified into 32 or 33 Go terminologies 圍棋三十二/三十三字釋義 often without diagrams)
This is the example of the Go terminology “毅” (pronounced the same as 弈 yi). And the interesting thing is that it is not just a simple “capture” several stones and one can be recaptured as in 打二還一. Historically, it might have a “different intention” than our modern understanding of “capturing”. There are records use the term along with ko (劫) to form a combined term called 毅劫, which is very old and almost completely gone after the Tang Dynasty (7th to 9th century). Even in the texts from the 10th century 圍棋義例, it already mentioned - 毅—提也 。棋死而結局曰毅 ，既毅而隨手曰覆毅 。俗又謂之提 。令集中但以提字音之，欲易曉之耳。Basically translated as 毅, generally (俗稱) known as 提, nowadays (in the 10th century) collected/combined their meanings into 提 (the Chinese terminology for capturing in modern day) for easier understanding.
The implication for the term 毅 and its associated combined terms 覆毅 or 毅劫, and the shifting/simplifying after the Tang Dynasty, means that previously, it did serve a different function, other than the simple “capturing”. From evidence of other variations of Go that have different rules for capturing “some” but cannot recapture the “one” immediately, it is possible that the term 毅劫 (yi-ko) was used to describe this particular case - a more generalized “ko” situation, where the area with stones got “毅” yi-ed, they cannot be played immediately (either just one term or several terms, that is in situation like snapback cannot be immediately played, but has to wait). And we know that “ko” historically was associated with “contracts” between players, where they need to agree upon before the game.
It is reasonable to assume that historically players already noticed the issue of “suicide” (a move resulting in out-of-liberties) and simultaneous out-of-liberties, and given them terminologies most likely before the 1st millennium (and possibly even older, since one-word terminologies are often associated with very ancient terms, possibly millennium BCE, like 弈 before 圍棋). But as they spread and variants started to form in different regions, some of the “terms” only applied to certain regions got “simplified” when players regathered during more unified Dynasties (like the Tang Dynasty), and older terminologies slowly dropped out of use, and eventually just disappeared.
Wow, I am awed by this much knowledge of the history of the game, and this old. I hope there will always be people like you, @Counting_Zenist .
I am unaware of a general term for this type of capture in the English go lexicon (of which I am fairly knowledgeable, of course terms may exist in Asian languages).
I think most times it happens in real games it will be subcategories of it which do have names like “recapture the ko” or “captures the snapback” or for the final capture into an eye “wins the semeai”.
I didn’t read the replies but want to note one very simple thing, and I apologize if someone has already said it:
A capturing move is not “suicide”.
Why?
The capturing move is complete only after the captured stone/s are removed.
(Otherwise it would leave an invalid/illegal position on the board.)
After removing the captured stone/s, the capturing stone has at least one liberty, thus it is alive (for now).
Thus, no suicide here 
Yes, but before it had zero… So the “suicide” word
Any assessment that’s supposed to make sense must happen after a move is complete, after the move is finished, no?
Why? You go through a process in which you put the stone completely surrounded before putting away the prisoners. That’s the usual way IRL ok now online, you don’t feel that anymore
Finally it’s about what you call suicide. When you create liberties and stay on the board it’s not really one because you didn’t die. Not like if you commit a suicide allowed by a NZ rules. True. It’s more about the feeling that you could have died in fact. A bit like when someone committed a suicide but failed (quite common)
As an aside to a lot of the replies on here, I have seen this trip up friends who tried the game and the formulation I now use for the capturing rules is “the defender must count liberties first” and that seems to make the situation clear here—albeit, without offering a compact term to answer the OP
A move captures before being captured.
That’s how I teach it.
I taught a few kids over the last week and said something like “the attacker takes a big breath before jumping into battle.” Not sure if that helped much but they seemed to understand. It would be nice to have a name for it, because without this rule, one eye is enough to keep a group alive.
